The War of the Wenuses — Key Ideas to Explore

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Graves, Charles L. (Charles Larcom), 1856-1944, Lucas, E. V. (Edward Verrall), 1868-1938 Project Gutenberg 2005
Science fiction; Wells, H. G. (Herbert George), 1866-1946 -- Parodies, imitations, etc. Readers of public-domain and historical texts
Project Gutenberg digital edition en

Edition facts

Words: 14,528
Reading time: 64 min
Text sections: 2
A 1898 parody of H.G. Wells's The War of the Worlds, replacing Martian invaders with fashion-obsessed women from Venus. The narrator battles critics, plays parliamentary games, and encounters a gunner who recommends Wells's own books. The text mimics Wells's style while satirizing fin-de-siècle gender anxieties and literary rivalries.
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The parody announces itself immediately: the title page credits the work as "Translated from the Artesian of H. G. Pozzuoli," a pun on Wells's name and the Italian city Pozzuoli, and the dedication reads "TO H. G. WELLS THIS OUTRAGE ON A FASCINATING AND CONVINCING ROMANCE." The opening sentence echoes Wells's famous beginning but substitutes "men and modistes" for "men" and "intelligences greater than woman's" for "greater than man's." The invaders are not tentacled Martians but astral women with hearts "vast and warm and sympathetic," who covet London department stores: "Butterick's with envy, Peter Robinson's with jealousy, and Whiteley's with insatiable yearning."

Diction and the Inversion of Wells

The authors systematically replace Wells's scientific gravitas with fashion terminology and domestic absurdities. The Martian heat-ray becomes a "Crinoline" that expands; the narrator observes "the Crinoline expands" as a chapter title. The pale pink planet Wenus revolves at "vermillion miles" (a color pun on the astronomical symbol for Venus). The invaders' motive is not conquest but a desperate search for "more copious fashions" because their planet is "rapidly becoming too hot for clothes to be worn at all." The population of Venus consists of "Invisible Men"—a joke on Wells's Invisible Man—and the Wenuses are "about tired of it." This diction consistently undercuts the original's apocalyptic tone, replacing dread with comic exasperation.

Voice and the Unreliable Narrator

The narrator's voice is a parody of Wells's first-person observer, but here he is a self-important author who has already killed a curate in his last book and an Examiner in this one. When the gunner confuses him with Jules Verne, the narrator fumes: "'Stop!' I cried, nettled at his stupidity. 'You are confusing another author and myself.'" The gunner slyly replies, "you do admire him, don't you?" The narrator then resolves to kill the gunner because "He was a critic." This meta-fictional turn reveals the authors' satire of Wells's own authorial persona—touchy, competitive, and prone to violence against those who misread his work. The narrator's voice oscillates between pomposity and panic, never achieving the earnest credibility of Wells's original.

Structure and the Parodic Set-Piece

The book follows the structure of The War of the Worlds in miniature, with two books titled "The Coming of the Wenuses" and "London Under the Wenuses." But the set-pieces are deliberately anticlimactic. The famous scene of the artilleryman in Wells becomes a gunner who lectures the narrator on "cosmic kinetic optimism" and proposes hiding in drains to play cricket and read "good books"—listing Wells's own The Time Machine alongside Verne. The narrator and gunner then play parliamentary games with M.P.s as counters, followed by "Tiddleywinks" and "Squails." The structure mirrors Wells's but substitutes intellectual combat with trivial pastimes, undercutting any sense of real danger. The parody relies on readers recognizing the original scenes to appreciate the comic inversion.

Recurring Details and Self-Referential Humor

The text is littered with in-jokes aimed at readers familiar with Wells's oeuvre. The gunner's phrase "Not novels and poetry swipes, but ideas, science, books" is a direct echo of the artilleryman's speech in Wells, but here it becomes a recommendation of Wells's own works. The narrator kills the gunner with a "Blaisdell binaural stethoscope"—a medical instrument, not a weapon—after the gunner criticizes The Island of Dr. Moreau. The appendix titles ("APPENDIX A," "APPENDIX B") mimic Wells's pseudo-scientific apparatus but contain no actual data. These recurring details create a layered parody that rewards close reading while remaining accessible as a straightforward comedy of manners. The authors assume an audience that knows Wells well enough to catch every allusion.

Readers approaching this parody should first be familiar with The War of the Worlds and preferably several other Wells titles, as the humor depends on recognizing the original passages being inverted. The authors, Charles L. Graves and E. V. Lucas, were journalists and humorists who specialized in literary parody; this work is best read as a period piece of late-Victorian satire, not as a standalone narrative. Pay attention to the footnotes and asides, which often contain the sharpest barbs aimed at Wells's style and reputation.

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